Hathor, for example, was a goddess of music, dancing, and drunkenness but was also understood as an ancient Mother Goddess, also associated with the Milky Way as a divine reflection of the Nile River, and, in her earlier incarnation as Sekhmet, as a destroyer. She fell asleep and woke as the benevolent goddess who was a friend to all. When I checked him over he had a broken wing which had healed but he could no longer fly as a result he was close to starving to death. He was one of the most important gods within Egyptian mythology, so he was highly revered. Kagemni - A vizier to the king Sneferu (c. 2613-2589 BCE) who wrote the wisdom text known as Instructions of Kagemni. The central value of the Egyptian culture was ma'at - harmony and balance - represented by the goddess of the same name and her white ostrich feather, and it was Heka who empowered Ma'at just as he did all the other deities. Daughter of Hathor and Horus. Astronomical Ceiling, Temple of Hathor Dendera, Egypt "The vibrant astronomical ceiling of the Hypostyle Hall, Temple of Hathor Dendera, Egypt. Kek was the god of the hours before dawn and was known as "Bringer-in-of-the-Light" as he guided the sun barge of the god Ra toward the sky from the underworld. Following the rise in popularity of the Osiris Myth, Horus the Younger became one of the most important gods in Egypt. Included also are concepts, such as The Field of Reeds or Lily Lake, which were regions in the afterlife associated with the gods. She was associated with Nephthys as a friend of the dead. Tefnut is the mother of Geb (earth) and Nut (sky) who were born so human beings could have somewhere to live. Star Deities - Gods and goddesses identified with the night sky. Pakhet - A hunting goddess in lioness form, her name means "She Who Scratches" or "Tearer". Atum (Ra) is the first divine being who stands on the primordial mound in the midst of chaos and draws on the magical forces of Heka to create all the other gods, human beings, and life on earth. Ancient Egyptian religion lasted from c. 6000 BCE until the rise of Christianity in the region in the 4th century CE. His wife, Aset, took their son, Heru, into hiding, and Heru eventually returned to reclaim the earthly throne. Gerard Butler and Nikolaj Coster-Waldau star as rival gods Set and Horus, who are locked in a war to rule the universe. And so is crow. Fetket - The butler of the sun god Ra who served him his drinks, patron god of bartenders. Thoth was the patron of wisdom and learning. Imagery of the Virgin Mary holding her son Jesus comes directly from Isis cradling her son Horus and the Dying and Reviving God figure of Jesus himself is a version of Osiris. Many of them ruled over natural and social phenomena, as well as abstract concepts. His name means "First of the Westerners" (also given as "Foremost of the Westerners") in reference to his role as a god of the dead (associated with the west). Babi (Baba) - He was a virility god depicted as a baboon and symbolizing male sexuality. Wenenu - A protective god, aspect of Osiris or sometimes Ra, consort of Unut. She is only known from a single stela at Abydos which shows her standing with the ankh in one hand and a staff in the other as a woman and her daughter approach to pay her homage. It was associated with Osiris through the imagery of rebirth as the bird was closely connected to the sun which died each night and rose again the next morning. Osiris was the god of life and fertility in the world, before his brother, the god "Set", the evil god, killed him to become the god of the dead and the reckoning in the underworld. Sia is depicted as a man standing at the right side of Ptah (later, Atum/Ra) and held his papyrus scroll. I, too, have some regular crow visitors. She was the daughter of Ra and, in some stories, wife of Horus the Elder. Weneg - A protective god first referenced in the Old Kingdom period (c. 2613-2181 BCE) who held up the sky and maintained order between the heavens and the earth. Only one Mnevis bull could exist at any one time and another was chosen only after the first died. The Eye of Horus, an ancient Egyptian symbol and amulet depicting the Eye of a falcon-headed god, was used by Egyptians to protect Pharaohs from harm in their final resting place. Khonshu is one of the Gods of Celestial Heliopolis and was part of the Ancient Egyptian pantheon (he's based on a real-world deity of the same name, who's sometimes referred to using variations of the name, like Khonsu and Khons, among others.). Amunhotep (Amenhotep), Son of Hapu - God of healing and wisdom. Hathor became associated with the sistrum specifically and music generally but, earlier, Merit was the goddess who "conducted" the symphony of order which accompanied creation. As a mother goddess, she is the mediator of the gods' disputes, most famously as the goddess who settles the question of whether Horus or Set should rule Egypt when the tribunal of the gods cannot decide. Sia represented the heart, Hu the tongue, and Heka their underlying force which gave them their power. They are mentioned in Spell 168 of the Egyptian Book of the Dead and are represented as serpents or serpent-like. His name means "Lord of the Two Lands". She and Tefnut then mated and gave birth to Geb (earth) and Nut (sky) who Atum pushed high apart from each other, providing a place for humans to live. She is frequently invoked in healing spells and associated with the goddess Serket. His image (as Anhur) appeared on the banners of the Egyptian army as he led them to war, protected them in battle, and brought them safely home. Ba-Pef - God of terror, specifically spiritual terror. The people of Egypt would leave bowls of offerings by caves for them. Canopic Jars of NeskhonsThe Trustees of the British Museum (Copyright). The raven and crow have been sacred animals to various cultures all over the world for as long as humans have existed. Apedemak - A war god depicted as a lion, originally thought to be from Nubia. Worshipped in the period of the Middle Kingdom (2040-1782 BCE). The book was considered so important it was required instruction for children of the monarchy. Anqet (Anukit or Anuket) - Goddess of fertility and the cataract of the Nile River at Aswan. The name means "Great of Magic"and is associated with the uraeus and the crown of Lower Egypt. The dead were greeted by other deities when they arrived in the afterlife and were then brought to the Hall of Truth for judgment by Kherty. Reshep is uniformly depicted as a strong warrior holding a raised war club and wearing a skirt and long Mesopotamian-styled beard. View 36 Other Listings As low as $0.20. Native Americans associate the crow with renewal and rebirth. Egyptian Goose. She represented the constellation Draco and was a protectress of the sun barge as it made its way through the underworld. He is depicted as a man with large breasts and belly signifying fertility and success. He was the son of Isis and Osiris; Furthermore, he was married to Hathor. She carries the death god Yamas horn, and sometimes wears a garland of severed heads. Sobek - An important protective deity in the form of a crocodile or a man with a crocodile's head, Sobek was a god of water but also associated with medicine and particularly surgery. She was part of the Triad of Heliopolis along with Mnevis and Anubis. She was the daughter of Ra and one of the goddesses featured in stories about the Eye of Ra. There was no Egyptian crow/raven god or goddess. His name means "He Who Comes in Peace" and, after his death, he was deified as a god of wisdom and medicine. Her Egyptian name, Eset, means "Goddess of the Throne" because of her association with the monarch. He is depicted as a serpent and, like Heka, has always existed. She came to be associated with Nephthys and, to a lesser degree, Isis and is referred to in some texts as their younger sister. His worshipers were primarily from Thebes. Isis refers to herself as Sothis in a copy of the text of The Lamentations of Isis and Nephthys from the Ptolemaic Dynasty (323-30 BCE) showing how the assimilation was almost complete by that time. The Bennu, for example, was a heron-like deity akin to the phoenix. Seth. He lived in the House of Woe in the afterlife and was known to afflict the king of Egypt. Iabet - Goddess of fertility and rebirth, known as "She of the East" and sometimes associated with Amenet ("She of the West"). In Egyptian mythology, Tefnut is the goddess of rain. She is a goddess of the dead and oversees funerary rites. Mut - An early mother goddess who most likely had a minor role during the Predynastic Period (c. 6000-3150 BCE) but who later became prominent as the wife of Amun and mother of Khonsu, part of the Theban Triad. Every male god has a female counterpart or a feminine aspect, the four goddesses Isis, Neith, Nephthys, and Serket watch over the Four Sons of Horus, and the Ogdoad was the grouping of the eight gods of creative substances. He is the patron god of potters and those who work in ceramics. His name means "Crocodile" and he was lord of marshes and wetlands and any other wet areas of Egypt. Although these developments are sometimes noted below, the gods are generally described in the roles they were best known for at the peak of their popularity. Anat - Goddess of fertility, sexuality, love, and war. She is represented in inscriptions by a notched palm branch signifying the passing of time, the hieroglyphic image for 'year'. Eventually she was absorbed into Isis. "Egyptian Gods - The Complete List". He slept until he was needed by Hraf-Hef, the surly Divine Ferryman. Scholars and folklorists have noticed the similarities between the Arthurian character and goddess Morgan Le Fay and the Celtic war goddess The Morrigan. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Pataikos - Minor amuletic deities who represented the power of the god Ptah. As god of wetlands he was associated with fertility and procreation but, as the crocodile god, also with unexpected death. Contents. Khenmu (Khnum) - Also known as "The Great Potter", Khenmu was an early god of Upper Egypt most probably from Nubia originally. He is depicted as a young man with shaved head except for the sidelock denoting youth and carries a quiver of arrows. Tatenen was a bisexual god, referred to as "Mother of All the Gods" in one text. His image was softened by others showing his benign and peaceful side as lord of the wine press and this was softened further as he became associated with oils and perfumes. He was rather seen as a necessary balance to gods like Osiris and Horus who represented all things noble and good, fertility, vitality, and eternity. She became increasingly identified with Isis and was eventually absorbed into that goddess completely. When the eye returned with them, Atum was so happy he cried and his tears created human beings. Along with Hardedef and Imhotep, one of the few human beings deified by the Egyptians. "Aswan History Facts and Timeline: Aswan, Egypt". Aker - The deified horizon, guardian of the eastern and western horizons of the afterlife. He existed before the gods and was present in the act of creation although, in later myths, he is seen as the son of Menhet and Khnum and part of the triad of Latopolis. Mnevis (Mer-Wer or Nem-Wer) - Mnevis was the sacred bull of Heliopolis considered an aspect of the sun god Ra. Ra (Atum or Re) - The great sun god of Heliopolis whose cult spread across Egypt to become the most popular by the Fifth Dynasty (2498-2345 BCE). Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University. The definitions of the god's characteristics and the roles they played are synthesized for clarity but it should be noted that not every deity listed was understood in the same way throughout Egypt's long history. Linked to the god Kherty, another ram-headed god, though a completely different entity. These gods all had names, individual personalities and characteristics, wore different kinds of clothing, held different objects as sacred, presided over their own domains of influence, and reacted in highly individualistic ways to events. Ruty - The twin lion gods who represented the eastern and western horizons. Mau - The divine cat who, in some stories, is present at the dawn of creation as an aspect of Ra. This stunning composition notebook is perfect for kids, teens, and young men who love art and the mystery of ancient Egyptian mythology. H orus is the son of Osiris and Isis, the divine child of the holy family triad. Montu - A falcon god who rose to prominence in the 11th Dynasty at Thebes (c. 2060-1991 BCE). Thank you! Early African tribes worshiped these birdlike gods and honored their feathers as a means of sacred ritual. Mythology's. Ptah was originally the figure who stood on the primordial mound of the ben-ben at the creation of the world. Lady of the Sycamore - One of the names of Hathor who was believed to live in the sycamore tree which was sacred to her cult. We would much rather spend this money on producing more free history content for the world. One kept returning to my garden and the other disappeared for a while and later returned with a wee one! Ta-Bitjet - A protective goddess specifically against poisonous bites and stings. Kherty reigned over the entrance and hallways leading to the Hall of Truth while Osiris had reign over the Hall and the Field of Reeds. Mau protected the Tree of Life, which held the secrets of eternal life and divine knowledge, from the evil serprent Apep. Hu - God of the spoken word, personification of the first word spoken by Atum (Ra) at the dawn of creation which brought all into being. Denwen - A serpent deity in the form of a dragon surrounded by flames. The more famous gods became state deities while others were associated with a specific region or, in some cases, a ritual or role. Amenet (Amentet) - A goddess who welcomed the dead to the afterlife with food and drink. Her role of providing one's destiny was eventually taken over by the Seven Hathors but she continued to be venerated in homes throughout Egypt's history. Mortal hero Bek teams with the god Horus in an alliance against Set, the merciless god of darkness, who has usurped Egypt's throne, plunging the once peaceful and prosperous empire into chaos and conflict. She also became prominent as a funerary goddess who watched over the dead. Even when the god Amun rose in prominence, Ra's position was undiminished and he merged with Amun to become Amun-Ra, the supreme god. Sky Bull - The deity who presided over the heavens and the afterlife as a protector, also known as "Bull of the West" for his association with the afterlife. In one myth, the Eye of Ra departs for Nubia where it transforms itself into a lioness. Balance was an important concept to the ancient Egyptians and the numbers two, four, and eight figure significantly in representations of the deities (as do three, six, and nine). He is always shown in a front-facing position of protection watching over his charges. He entered the Egyptian pantheon through trade and made his way into Egyptian mythology through stories of his battles with Set. BastetTrustees of the British Museum (Copyright). Lates-Fish - The Nile perch sacred to the goddess Neith, worshipped as a divine entity as Esna. She is the patron goddess of brewers. She is associated with Hathor and is depicted as closely resembling Hathor with the uraeus on her head holding the solar disk, sometimes with two feathers over the disk. Ra then had a vat of beer dyed red, to resemble blood, and placed at Dendera which Hathor, in her blood lust, drank. She is usually represented as a serpent but later as a woman wearing the uraeus with horns and the sun disk overhead. ), Last edited on 28 February 2023, at 11:20, "GVC09-24: Mystical creatures and gods -Egyptian", "Amentet, Andjeti and Anubis: Three Ancient Egyptian Gods (2007)", "McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia introduction and main index", "Aswan History Facts and Timeline: Aswan, Egypt", http://www.world-guides.com/africa/egypt/aswan/aswan_history.html, https://www.worldhistory.org/article/885/egyptian-gods---the-complete-list/, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Egyptian_deities&oldid=1142078811, The Aai 3 guardian deities in the ninth division of, The Her-Hequi 4 deities in the fifth division of.
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